Recently published in Nature, Trevor Cousins, Aylwyn Scally and Richard Durbin are trying to understand how ancient human populations mixed and changed in size over time, which is key to studying human evolution. They developed a new genetic model, called COBRAA, that helps track how ancient groups split apart and later merged again.
Using this model, they found evidence that all modern humans share a deep history involving two ancient groups.
Cousins, T., Scally, A. & Durbin, R. A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans. Nat Genet (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02117-1